The article Working with Geodatabase Metadata: Writing/Updating Metadata is a good point to start.

You can find these when searching the Knowledge Base.

I tried that, but got an error. It failed to write the metadata

Parsing XML document 'D:\2024\02\HVRoutes\original\routes\Heavy_Vehicle_Routes.xml'
Error occurred using IXmlPropertySet2::setXml(). HRESULT = -2147215103.   File: C:\code\fme\foundation\formats\geodb2\geodbutilities.cpp   Line #: 3369
Storing feature(s) to FME feature store file `D:\2024\02\HVRoutes\v1\ExtractRoutesOpenToFileGDB_log.ffs'
...much metadata…

===========================================================================
GEODATABASE_FILE writer: An error has occurred. Check the logfile above for details
GeodatabaseRelationshipFeaturesPipeline::GeodatabaseRelationshipFeatures (SortFactory): Finished sorting a total of 0 features.
Transaction #106 rolled back. Rerun translation specifying transaction #105 for the keyword 'TRANSACTION'
Closing the Esri Geodatabase writer
 

I am using an .xml that I have exported from ArcCatalog.

The .xml opens in Microsoft Edge fine

So, I think the xml is formatted okay

Hard to say without you data, but did the sample work? If it did, you can go from there and you need to find out why your XML does not work for you. Reading XML, as it is an open format, it can be anything :)

The sample did work.

I have attached the xml that I am Reading.

I exported this xml from ArcCatalog, so I am assuming that it is valid.

I also viewed the xml using Edge browser, and it was happy, so I thought that was a good test.

And I submitted the xml to an xml validator (XML Validator (w3schools.com)) and that returned no errors

And I used the XMLValidator Transformer, which it passed

My workspace copies the same transformers as the example, lacking only the XMLUpdater, as I do not need to modify the xml

I still get an error that I cannot diagnose

What is the error that you get?

Can you look at the logfile to see there are any warnings or errors?

When I run the 2021.1 sample I get the following errors:

2024-02-27 08:45:39| 0.6| 0.1|ERROR |Unable to perform any licensing related tasks. Please check your Esri ArcGIS Compatibility setting. This 64-bit version of FME requires ArcGIS Desktop along with 64-bit Background Geoprocessing; ArcGIS Pro; or ArcGIS Enterprise. Refer to this this article http://fme.ly/qua for more details

Which means I have to change the Esri ArcGIS Compatibility in the Navigator from Esri ArcMap to Esri ArcGIS Pro, as I do not use ArcMap anymore.

When I change the XML from the sample to your data, it still runs, but it won’t read anything. But this is to be expected, as the XML structure from your data differs from the sample. So you have to change the XML part to your need.

This is the error

Error occurred using IXmlPropertySet2::setXml(). HRESULT = -2147215103.   File: C:\code\fme\foundation\formats\geodb2\geodbutilities.cpp   Line #: 3369

I have also attached the full log as a txt file (or would a word document be better? The txt file loses the red colour of the error lines)

Yes, I do have Esri ArcGIS compatibility set to: Esri ArcGIS Pro

Did you have any answer to this error when updating a SDE metadata?

Error occurred using IXmlPropertySet2::setXml(). HRESULT = -2147215103.   File: C:\code\fme\foundation\formats\geodb2\geodbutilities.cpp  
 

I am having the same error as you, actually. My workbench was working perfectly with FME Desktop 2021, but stopped working when we migrated to FME 2022

No, I have not received an answer.