Unfortunately, no, not directly.
But you can leverage the Python shutdown script to write the feature counts in a small json (or other) file which you can easily re-read in your external Python script. Example shutdown script that outputs "workspace_results.json" in the same folder as your workspace:
import fme
import os.path
import json
if fme.status:
content = json.dumps(fme.featuresWritten)
else:
content = json.dumps({'failure': fme.failureMessage})
log_filename = os.path.join(fme.macroValues['FME_MF_DIR'], 'workspace_results.json')
with open(log_filename, 'w') as logfile:
logfile.write(content)
Be aware that FeatureWriters will not be listed, however (see here).
For more information about the objects available in the Python shutdown script, see:
https://docs.safe.com/fme/html/FME_Desktop_Documentation/FME_Workbench/Configuration/FME_END_PYTHON.htm