Not so much a question as bringing together a few things...
I'm using a Workspace Runner to call a Workspace which writes to an ESRI File Geodatabase (FGDB). In testing, I had the FGDB Feature Class open in ArcCatalog which caused the translation to fail because the target was locked. Also, the Workspace Runner was reporting success, even though the Workspace it was calling failed.
There are two things here. Firstly, "Wait for job to complete" was set to "No" which meant that the Workspace Runner would report a success even if the Workspace it called failed. "No" enables you to run concurrent Workspaces which is something I did not want to do because I need to process a series of input datasets in order, not in parallel. The solution is to set "Wait for job to complete" to "Yes":
Secondly, the locking issue can often be solved using @david_r's suggestion of truncating the target Feature Class instead of dropping it:
https://knowledge.safe.com/questions/1827/arcsde-geodatabase-locks.html
Finally, if the Workspace Runner calls a Workspace more than once, the translation log of the first of that Workspace will be overwritten by subsequent runs. I'm going to try the LogMessageStreamer as suggested by @mark2catsafe:
https://knowledge.safe.com/questions/30394/capture-translation-log.html