For example: If one resource is working on Task A, he wants to add comments/updates on work progress, so that the next resource who will picks up that same task is aware that someone is working on Task A and picks up another Task B to work on.
(These notes/ comments should be displayed in ESRI Dashboard)
I think your question is too broad to answer. But in general, yes you can. You can add features to a hosted feature service using FME, via writers or HTTPCallers. The feature service can be used as input in an dashboard.
It all depends on what you want exactly, what the source datatype is, the amount of volume of the data to be analysed, etc...