You can't dynamically add transformers, but you can test for your set of variables and then send certain features (or all) down a specific path in the workspace to a specific set of transformers or to a specific custom transformer. Normally you'd do this with some sort of Test (Tester, AttributeFilter, TestFilter etc) to identify the route and then each port of the test is directed to the relevant set of transformers.
I agree with @1spatialdave. If you can tell us a bit more about what you're trying to achieve we're probably able to give you some more detailed advice.